With a tracheostomy, respiratory support is provided through the connection of air from ventilator to a tracheomstomy cannula. A tracheostomy cannula is a plastic tube which passes through a hole in the throat and enters into the trachea. Ventilation provided by this techinique is called invasive mechanical ventilation therapy, as opposed to non-invasive therapy, e.g., mask therapy.
Indications
Why do some people need a tracheostomy (invasive treatment) and when should it be performed?
Advantages of a tracheostomy
- Can be life-saving.
- Can give a better quality of life than mask therapy in some cases.
- No face mask is required.
- Less problems with leakage.
- Direct entry of air to the trachea and lungs:
- Mucus can be removed more easily.
- Safe and easy to ventilate patient.
Disadvantages of a tracheostomy
- Increased risk of infection, haemorrhaging and scar tissue.
- Natural humidification, heating and filtering of air is lost.
- Invasive surgery is required.
- One has to live with a ‘hole in the throat’.
- The ability to swallow and speak may deteriorate.
- The ability to taste and smell can change.
- Caregivers require more training.
- More technical equipment is needed.